1/6/2024 0 Comments 4 compartments of legĬrush injuries are the most common cause of compartment syndromes of the foot, as well as snake bites, burns, too tightly fitted bandages or casts, metatarsal fractures, talus or calcaneus fractures, Chopart and/or Lisfranc joint dislocations, steroid or creatine use which can cause muscles to increase in volume. Other causes can be biomechanical abnormailities, limb length differences, muscle weakness or muscular tightness. Training programmes may be inappropriate or incorrect footwear could be a cause. Sports like football, motorcross, running, tennis and gymnastics can be risk factors. The muscles become fatigued and irritated resulting in an inflammatory response and swelling. Ĭhronic (exertional) compartment syndrome can develop through over exertion during sporting activity. ![]() The calcaneal compartment seems to be at higher risk for developing compartment syndrome, whereas the interosseous compartments are usually at a lower risk. Incidence of compartment syndrome of the foot is low. All levels of the central compartment contain (deep) branches of the plantar lateral artery, vein and nerveĮpidemiology /Etiology.Second level: Quadratus plantae lumbrical muscles tendons of flexor digitorum longus.Branches of the lateral plantar artery vein and nerve.Medial plantar arteries, veins and nerves.The boundary between flexor digitorum brevis and the calcaneal compartment ( quadratus plantae) becomes incompetent at a pressure gradient of less than 10mm Hg, so tissue perfusion becomes insignificant, effectively creating an independent compartment syndrome. although a 4th, the calcaneal compartment has been described in patients who develop progressive claw-toe deformities due to calcaneal fractures, There are three compartments, medial, lateral and superficial that run the entire length of the foot. The foot is divided into 4 large compartments (interosseous, medial, lateral, central) each including muscles, nerves and arteries, although it is debated whether there are actually 9 compartments, however, it is more practical to think of the foot in 4 compartments. Fasciotomy is usually performed although non surgical treatment is also an option. This can lead to ischaemia and necrosis if left improperly diagnosed.The cause is usually following acute trauma or it can be due to intense or overly frequent exercise (chronic exertional compartment syndrome) or overly tight casts. ![]() 4 Characteristics/Clinical Presentationĭefinition/Description Ĭompartment syndrome is a condition where bleeding or edema develops in an area of the body which is surrounded by non-expandable structures of bone and fascia, increasing the local pressure and causing circulatory disturbance in that space.
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